Thursday 12 May 2016

CHAPTER 10 BASIC WEB DEVELOPMENT

BASIC WEB DEVELOPMENT

What is HTML?

Before we get into anything else let’s first go over what HTML is. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. This is the basic format for the scripting language that is used to construct the Web. The latest version of HTML (HTML 4.01) was developed by WHATWG (Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group). They are now working on a revised version called HTML5 which focuses on the needs of application developers along with resolving issues found in the previous versions of HTML. Here is an example of what the current HTML code would look like if you were adding an image.
<img src="image_name.jpg" width="251" height="143" />

Xara CSS styling

HTML Editor

You can easily edit HTML files using a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) editor like FrontPage, Dream Weaver , Claris Home Page, or Adobe PageMill instead of writing your markup tags in a plain text file.
You can still edit your product descriptions, ect from a simple interface similar to a regular word editor.


Heading

HTML uses six levels of “heading level” tag pairs; the smaller the heading level number, the larger is the print size:
·         <H1>heading</H1>: creates heading level #1 (24 point type—largest)
·         <H2>heading</H2>: creates heading level #2 (18 point type)
·         <H3>heading</H3>: creates heading level #3 (14 point type)
·         <H4>heading</H4>: creates heading level #4 (12 point type)
·         <H5>heading</H5>: creates heading level #5 (10 point type)
·         <H6>heading</H6>: creates heading level #6 (8 point type—smallest)
A line space automatically is inserted before and after a heading (that is, an entire line is skipped between a heading and any text before and after it).



Other Scripts

The <H#> tag may contain within it an alignment parameter (recognized by most browsers) as part of the command:
·         <H1 ALIGN="CENTER">Heading Alignment</H1>
·         <HR WIDTH="36%" SIZE="5" NOSHADE="NOSHADE">
·         <H1 ALIGN="LEFT">Heading Level #1</H1>
·         <H2 ALIGN="CENTER">Heading Level #2</H2>
·         <H3 ALIGN="RIGHT">Heading Level #3</H3>
·         <H4 ALIGN="LEFT">Heading Level #4</H4>
·         <H5 ALIGN="CENTER">Heading Level #5</H5>
·         <H6 ALIGN="RIGHT">Heading Level #6</H6>

Would appear properly centered, left justified, and right justified on a browser like this:

    Heading Alignment

Heading Level #1
Heading Level #2
Heading Level #3
Heading Level #4
Heading Level #5
Heading Level #6


You can also learn how to develop basic html by click the link below


______________________________________________________________________________

This title is a final note that I 've shared with all . In this class I learned something new that is the basic way to make a web . Briefly, my expectation of the class was to learn enough coding skills to create a website, as well as learn how to better communicate with developers – and I think this was accomplished. In addition to learning basic coding skills (HTML, CSS, PHP, JavaScript), I gained knowledge about how to actually setup a website. I never heard of MAMP, GitHub or CyberDuck before this class, so learning these applications was tremendously helpful. I had some WordPress experience prior to class, but now I feel much more comfortable with the Admin and Codex. I also learned that taking a class like this is going to be very frustrating at times, but I’m happy that I’m coming out of it with better problem-solving or troubleshooting skills.

Friday 6 May 2016

CHAPTER 9 INTERNET APPLICATIONS

INTERNET APPLICATIONS


There are types of the ICT latest applications.
·         Skype (video calls, text messaging)
·         Instant messaging (YM, Gmail)
·         Twittering (Microblogging)
·         Geobrowsing (Waze, Four square)
·         Massage boards (Sharing experiences)



Social Networking

Social networking is the practice of expanding the number of one's business and/or social contacts by making connections through individuals. Any sites that creates a community of individuals who can communicate with each other used of computer or mobile phones.
Reason why people using social netwoking?
1. To stay in touch with what friends are doing
2. To stay up-to-date with news and current events
3. To fill up spare time
4. To find funny or entertaining content
5. To share opinions
6. To share photos or videos with others
7. Because friends are already on them
8. General networking with other people
9. To meet new people
10. To share details of our everyday life

Online Shopping and Investing

The act of purchasing products or services over the Internet. Online shopping has grown in popularity over the years, mainly because people find it convenient and easy to bargain shop from the comfort of their home or office. One of the most enticing factor about online shopping, particularly during a holiday season, is it alleviates the need to wait in long lines or search from store to store for a particular item.
There are example of online shopping and investing application :
·         Paypal
·         Mudah.com.my
·         Cimb Cliks
·         Amazon.com

Online shopping sites

Online Entertainment

Watching TV, movies, video, online music, online gaming. Something are free or need payment. For example :
·         iTunes
·         mobiTV
·         CastTV
·         Doom, City of Heroes, Xbox 360


Online Education and Writing

·         Online quiz : using Google Drive
·         Learning Management System : Moodle, BB
·         Blogs : Wordpress, blogspot
·         Wiki : Wikipedia, wikispaces
·         E-portfolios


 ________________________________________________________________________________
This week I 've learned about Internet applications. There are different types of internet applications and it is classified into several types. Examples of apps that I have learned is online telecommunications, social netwoking, online shopping and investing, online entertainment, online news, and online education and writing. This week I have been given a task to select one application for learning purposes, and I have chosen the application facetime as a medium for teaching and learning. lastly, of this class I can distinguish each class of applications that are used every day.


Wednesday 4 May 2016

CHAPTER 8 E-MAIL

E-MAIL
E-mail (electronic mail) is the exchange of computer-stored messages by telecommunication. (Some publications spell it email; we prefer the currently more established spelling of e-mail.) E-mail messages are usually encoded in ASCII text. However, you can also send non-text files, such as graphic images and sound files, as attachments sent in binary streams. E-mail was one of the first uses of the Internet and is still the most popular use. A large percentage of the total traffic over the Internet is e-mail. E-mail can also be exchanged between online service provider users and in networks other than the Internet, both public and private.

10 Advantages of Email
1. It's free!
Once you’re online, there is no further expense.
2. Easy to reference
Sent and received messages and attachments can be stored safely, logically and reliably.  It's a lot easier to organize emails than paper.
3. Easy to use
Once you’re set up, sending and receiving messages is simple. That goes for a host of other email functions. Data storage and contacts can be accessed quickly and easily.
4. Easy to prioritize
Incoming messages have subject lines that mean you can delete without opening. How much time does that save compared to ‘snail mail?’
5. Speed
Message to send? Done, under a second! Email is as fast a form of written communication as any.
6. Global
Web based email means you can access your messages anywhere online. Going overseas? Before you go, mail yourself a copy of your passport number, travel insurance details or your accommodation details.
7. Good for the planet
Actually the advantages and disadvantages of email are clear here. Computers themselves aren’t 'green', but email offsets some of the damage by reducing the environmental cost of contact.
8. Info at your fingertips
Storing data online means less large, space taking file cabinets, folders and shelves. You can access information far quicker if you learn how to use email this way.
9. Leverage
Send the same message to any number of people. Adaptations are simple, too. If you have a product or service to sell, email is an effective medium to get your message out.
10. Send reminders to yourself
Do you use more than one account? Email yourself messages from work to home or vice versa. Does the idea of two or more accounts seem complicated? It's not if you know how to manage multiple accounts.

10 Disadvantages of Email
1. Emotional responses
Some emails cause upset or anger. A reply in the heat of the moment can’t be easily retracted, but it can cause lasting damage.
2. Information overload
Too many people send too much information. They cover their backs citing ‘need to know’ as the justification. Learn how to use email effectively and you’ll reduce time wasted on this.
3. Lacking the Personal Touch
Some things are best left untyped. Email will never beat a hand written card or letter when it comes to relationships.
4. Misunderstandings
Emails from people who don’t take the time to read what they write before clicking ‘send’. Time is wasted, either to clarify or, worse, acting on a misinterpretation of the message.
5. No Respite
Your email inbox is like a garden; it needs to be constantly maintained. Leave it and will continue to grow. Ignore it at your peril!
6. Pressure to Reply
Once it’s in your inbox, you feel an ever increasing obligation to act on it. Procrastinating doesn’t making it go away.  Do it, dump it or delegate it.
7. Spam
Having to deal with spam and spoofs is one of the worst avoidable time wasters online.  Use some anti spam software.
8. Sucks up Your Time
Over checking messages is so common, but it is time wasted on a low value, passive activity.  Better to check once or twice a day.
9. Too Long
How long is too long? It’s hard to say exactly, but the longer it goes on, the harder it is to take in. Email is suited to brevity - keep it short and sweet.
10. Viruses
A virus could seriously affect your computer. If you want to know how to use email effectively, it's worth learning how to deal with these.

What is a Mail Server and How Does it Work?

A mail server (sometimes also referred to an e-mail server) is a server that handles and delivers e-mail over a network, usually over the Internet. A mail server can receive e-mails from client computers and deliver them to other mail servers. A mail server can also deliver e-mails to client computers. A client computer is normally the computer where you read your e-mails, for example your computer at home or in your office. Also an advanced mobile phone or Smartphone, with e-mail capabilities, can be regarded as a client computer in these circumstances.


SMTP and POP3 server
When you press the "Send" button in your e-mail program (e-mail client) the program will connect to a server on the network / Internet that is called an SMTP server. SMTP is an acronym for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol and it is a protocol that is used when e-mails are delivered from clients to servers and from servers to other servers.
When you download e-mails to your e-mail program the program will connect to a server on the net that is known as a POP3 server. A POP3 server uses a protocol named POP3 for its communication. That is the reason why it is called a POP3 server and POP3 is an acronym for Post Office Protocol version 3.

How can my e-mail program (e-mail client) find right mail server on the Internet?
When you start your mail program for the first time, you must normally enter e-mail account information before you can use the program. You must for example specify the name of a server for outgoing e-mail and the name of a server for incoming e-mail. It is here you specify which SMTP server and which POP3 server that your mail program will communicate with over the Internet. The servers can be located anywhere on the Earth, but usually they are located in same country as your client computer.

Can I use any mail server I want on the Internet?
No. The Internet service provider (ISP) that you use when you browse the Internet will normally have mail servers that you can access for your e-mails (both incoming and outgoing e-mail) but you can normally not access mail servers that other Internet service provider own. The reason for this is that mail servers only accept certain IP addresses (the IP addresses that the ISPs provides) and if your IP address is outside this range you will be denied access to the server.
There are exceptions, however. In some cases you can download e-mail from POP3 servers provided by other ISPs. They will only check that your username and password is correct. And there exists also standalone email servers on the Internet that works independently of Internet service providers, and through them you can send and receive e-mails if you have access to the username and password. Many web hosting services provide this kind of stand-alone mail servers.

 How do mail servers find each other on the Internet?
When you send an e-mail from your local computer to a mail server, your e-mail has just started it's journey to your recipient. Perhaps your receiver is on the other side of the world, and then it's a very long distance that the e-mail must travel before it arrives to your receivers computer.

Before the mail server that your e-mail program communicates with knows where to deliver the e-mail message it will examine the e-mail address that you have specified as a receiver of the message. The mail server will extract the domain name of the e-mail address and use it to locate the mail server (POP3 server) that your receiver's client computer communicates with. The domain name is found after the "@" character in an e-mail address. If for example the e-mail address is john@abc.com, the domain name is abc.com. By using this domain name as an address the mail server will find which mail server on the Internet to deliver the e-mail message to. When the server has been identified and it has responded that it will accept an e-mail delivery, the e-mail is sent to this server. And next time your receiver logs on to the POP3 server via his/her client computer, your e-mail will be downloaded to the person's e-mail program. Normally all this will take just a few seconds, but if the mail servers or Internet have a lot of traffic at that moment it can take some more time.

CC and BCC


Carbon Copy Section (cc)
·         Send a message to more than one person, all the recipients will see the list of email addresses.

Blind Carbon Copy Section (bcc)
·         The addresses won’t be seen by the recipients.
·         When email is sent to a large group of people who don’t know each other.

MIME
MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) is a standard which was proposed by Bell Communications in 1991 in order to expand upon the limited capabilities of email, and in particular to allow documents (such as images, sound, and text) to be inserted in a message. It was originally defined by RFCs 1341 and 1342 in June 1992.
Using headers, MIME describes the type of message content and the encoding used.
MIME adds the following features to email service:
·         Be able to send multiple attachments with a single message;
·         Unlimited message length;
·         Use of character sets other than ASCII code;
·         Use of rich text (layouts, fonts, colors, etc)
·         Binary attachments (executables, images, audio or video files, etc.), which may be divided if needed.

MIME uses special header directives to describe the format used in a message body, so that the email client can interpret it correctly:
·         MIME-Version: This is the version of the MIME standard used in the message. Currently only version 1.0 exists.
·         Content-type: Describes the data's type and subtype. It can include a "charset" parameter, separated by a semi-colon, defining which character set to use.
·         Content-Transfer-Encoding: Defines the encoding used in the message body
·         Content-ID: Represents a unique identification for each message segment
·         Content-Description: Gives additional information about the message content.
·         Content-Disposition: Defines the attachment's settings, in particular the name associated with the file, using the attribute filename.
Primary MIME types
MIME types, used in the Content-Type header, are used to classify documents attached to an email. A MIME type is comprised as follows:
Content-type: main_mime_type/mime_subtype
A GIF image, for example, has the following MIME type:
Content-type: image/gif
The primary data types, sometimes called "discrete data types," are:
·         text: readable text data text/rfc822 [RFC822]; text/plain [RFC2646]; text/html [RFC2854] .
·         image: binary data representing digital images: image/jpeg; image/gif; image/png.
·         audio: digital sound data: audio/basic; audio/wav
·         video: video data: video/mpeg
·         application: Other binary data: application/octet-stream; application/pdf
MIME types are also used on the Web to classify documents transferred using the protocol HTTP. Thus during a transaction between a web server and a browser, the first thing the web server does is send the MIME type of the file to the browser, so that the browser knows how to display the document.
Encoding formats
To transfer binary data, MIME offers five encoding formats which can be used in the headertransfer-encoding:
·         7bit: 7-bit text format (for messages without accented characters);
·         8bit: 8-bit text format;
·         quoted-printableQuoted-Printable format, recommended for messages which use a 7-bit alphabet (such as when there are accent marks);
·         base64Base 64, recommended for sending binary files as attachments;
·         binary: binary format; not recommended.
Since MIME is very open, it can use third-party encoding formats such as:
·         BinHex (a proprietary format belonging to Apple),
·         uuencode,
·         xxencode
Header encoding
The transfer-encoding header is used to specify an encoding format for the message body, but it doesn't solve the problem of encoding headers themselves (such as the message subject).
To encode headers with character sets which use more than 7 bits, such as for including accented letters in an email's subject, the MIME standard offers the following format:
=?charset?encoding?result?=
·         charset represents the character set used,
·         encoding defines the encoding desired with two possible values:
·         Q for quoted-printable
·         B for base64
·         result: text encoded using the method specified.
Below is an example of Quoted-Printable encoding with "Building façade" as the email's subject.
Subject: Building fa=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=E7ade?=
Composite messages
With the MIME type "multipart", the MIME standard allows for composite messages, meaning messages which include multiple attachments, which may even be nested.
To do so, MIME allows for a standard called boundary. This is an arbitrary string defined as an attribute in the Content-type header:
Content-Type: multipart/mixed;
 boundary="------------020005090303070203010601"
Each separator delimits a portion of content beginning with the headers Content-Type and Content-Encoding. It is essential that the value of this separator is not found within the message contents.
There are several types of separators:
·         multipart/mixed defines a series of multiple elements
·         multipart/alternative defines alternatives for the same information, such as a message in either text and HTML format. If the email client is able to display messages with a layout and configured to do so, it will show the HTML version; otherwise, it will display the test version.
·         multipart/parallel defines data present at the same time (such as sound and image).
·         multipart/signed defines a digital signature for message data
·         multipart/related defines related pieces of information
List of MIME types
MIME types are standardized by a group called the IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority). Here is a non-exhaustive list of the most common MIME types.
MIME Type
Type of file
Associated extension
application/atom+xml
Files in ATOM format
atom
application/iges
CAS files
iges
application/javascript
JavaScript files
js
application/dxf
AutoCAD files
dxf
application/mp4
MPEG4 files
mp4
application/iges
IGES CAD exchange format
igs,iges
application/octet-stream
Non-interpreted binary files
bin
application/msword
Microsoft Word document files
doc
application/pdf
Adobe Acrobat files
pdf
application/postscript
PostScript files
ai,eps,ps
application/rtf
Rich text format
rtf
application/sgml
SGML files
sgml
application/vnd.ms-excel
Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files
xls
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
Microsoft Powerpoint presentation files
ppt
application/xml
XML file
xml
application/x-tar
Compressed tar files
tar
application/zip
Compressed ZIP files
man
audio/basic
Basic audio files
au,snd
audio/mpeg
MPEG audio files
mpg,mp3
audio/mp4
MPEG-4 audio files
mp4
audio/x-aiff
AIFF audio files
aif,aiff,aifc
audio/x-wav
Wave audio files
wav
image/gif
Gif images
man
image/jpeg
Jpeg images
jpg,jpeg,jpe
image/png
Images PNG
png
image/tiff
Tiff images
tiff,tif
image/x-portable-bitmap
PBM Bitmap files
pbm
image/x-portable-graymap
PBM Graymap files
pgm
image/x-portable-pixmap
PBM Pixmap files
ppm
multipart/x-zip
Zip archive files
zip
multipart/x-gzip
GNU zip archive files
gz,gzip
text/css
Style sheet
css
text/csv
Comma-separated text files
csv
text/html
HTML files
htm,html
text/plain
Unformatted text files
txt,g,h,c,cc,hh,m,f90
text/richtext
Rich text files
rtx
text/rtf
Rich Text Format text files
rtf
text/tab-separated-value
Tab-separated text files
tsv
text/xml
XML files
xml
video/h264
H.264 videos
h264
video/dv
DV videos
dv
video/mpeg
MPEG videos
mpeg,mpg,mpe
video/quicktime
QuickTime videos
qt,mov
video/msvideo
Microsoft Windows videos
avi

POP3 and IMAP
POP3 and IMAP are two different protocols (methods) used to access email.
Of the two, IMAP is the better option - and the recommended option - when you need to check your emails from multiple devices, such as a work laptop, a home computer, or a tablet, smartphone, or other mobile device. Tap into your synced (updated) account from any device with IMAP.
POP3 downloads email from a server to a single computer, then deletes it from the server. Because your messages get downloaded to a single computer or device and then deleted from the server, it can appear that mail is missing or disappearing from your Inbox if you try to check your mail from a different computer.
To learn how to get your AOL Mail on your mobile device, please visit our help article AOL Mail: Mobile Mail.
To learn how to access your mail through a third-party email client (like Outlook, Mac Mail, etc.) please visit our help article How do I access my mail through a third-party email client?
Here are the differences between POP3 and IMAP.
POP3 - Post Office Protocol
IMAP - Internet Messaging Access Protocol
You can use only one computer to check your email (no other devices)
You can use multiple computers and devices to check your email
Your mails are stored on the computer that you use
Your mails are stored on the server
Sent mail is stored locally on your PC, not on a mail server
Sent mail stays on the server so you can see it from any device.


 


________________________________________________________________________________

Today I learned about the email, every day and almost all people use email intended to communicate with each other no matter near or far. On this topic I 've learned that there are advantages and disadvantages in the email. Basically email we will send directly to the new mail server and delivered to recipients. I can also see where the CC and BCC recipients can see other recipients, while BCC recipient does not know who the other recipients. In this topic I can also tell the difference between IMAP and POP. It is knowledge that is useful to use in the future.