CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION TO TELECOMMUNICATION

What is communication?

Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another. Although this is a simple definition, when we think about how we may communicate the subject becomes a lot more complex. There are various categories of communication and more than one may occur at any time.

The different categories of communication include:

        i.            Spoken or Verbal Communication: face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media.

      ii.            Non-Verbal Communication: body language, gestures, how we dress or act - even our scent.

    iii.            Written Communication: letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or via other media.

    iv.            Visualizations: graphs and charts, maps, logos and other visualizations can communicate messages.

7 Major Elements of Communication Process

      1)      Sender:
The person who intends to convey the message with the intention of passing information and ideas to others is known as sender or communicator.

      2)      Ideas:
This is the subject matter of the communication. This may be an opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions.

      3)      Encoding:
Since the subject matter of communication is theoretical and intangible, its further passing requires use of certain symbols such as words, actions or pictures etc. Conversion of subject matter into these symbols is the process of encoding.

      4)      Communication Channel:
The person who is interested in communicating has to choose the channel for sending the required information, ideas etc. This information is transmitted to the receiver through certain channels which may be either formal or informal.

      5)      Receiver:
Receiver is the person who receives the message or for whom the message is meant for. It is the receiver who tries to understand the message in the best possible manner in achieving the desired objectives.

      6)      Decoding:
The person who receives the message or symbol from the communicator tries to convert the same in such a way so that he may extract its meaning to his complete understanding.

      7)      Feedback:
Feedback is the process of ensuring that the receiver has received the message and understood in the same sense as sender meant it.

Elements of a Computer and Communication System

A system is a group of related components and operations that interact to perform a task.

1. People

Two types of Users:

-Professionals - An Information Technology (IT) professional who had formal education in the technical aspect of using a computer and communication system. Ex. Computer Programmer.

- End-users - is someone without much technical knowledge of IT who uses computers for entertainment, education or work related task.

2. Procedure

Descriptions of how things are done, steps for accomplishing a result

3. Data/Information

·         Data – consists of the raw facts and figures that are processed into information.

·         Information – summarized data or otherwise manipulated data.

Units of Measurement for Capacity

A computer system’s data/information storage capacity is represented by:

·         Kilobyte (KB) equivalent to approximately 1000 bytes.

·         Megabyte (MB) about 1 million bytes

·         Gigabyte (GB) about 1 billion bytes

4. Hardware

The Basic Operations of Computing

        i.            Input operation – data is entered or otherwise captured electronically and is converted to a form that can be processed by the computer.

      ii.            Processing operation – the data is manipulated to process or transform it into information.

    iii.            Output operation – the information which has been processed from the data, is produced in a form usable by people.

    iv.            Secondary Storage operation – data, information, and programs are stored in computer - processable form

Hardware – consists of all the machinery and equipment in a computer system

Hardware devices are categorized according to which of the four computer operations it performs.

Input Hardware - allow people to put data into the computer in a form that the computer can use.

Example:

·         Keyboard

·         Mouse

·         Scanner

·         Microphone

Processing and Memory Hardware

CPU (the processor) – computing part of the computer. It controls and manipulates data to produce information.

Memory (also known as main memory, RAM or primary storage) – is a working storage. Memory is the computer’s “work space” where data and programs for immediate processing are held.

Output Hardware – consists of devices that translates information processed by the computer into a form that humans can understand.

Example:

·         Monitor

·         Printer

·         Speaker

·         Headphone

Secondary Storage Hardware – (external storage) – consists of devices that store data and programs permanently.

Example:

·         Diskette

·         Hard Disk

·         Optical Disk

Four types of Computer Hardware

        i.            Input Hardware – e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner, microphone

      ii.            Processing and Memory Hardware – e.g. CPU, RAM

    iii.            Output Hardware – e.g. monitor, printer, speaker, headphone

    iv.            Secondary Storage Hardware – e.g. hard disk, diskette, optical disk or CD, flash drive

5. Software
Software or programs – consist of the step by step instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task.

Two Major Types: Application software and System Software

Application Software – defined as software that can perform useful work on general purpose task.

Operating systems, are the main examples for system software. Examples:

1) Microsoft Windows 

2) Linux 

3) Unix 

4) Mac OSX 

5) DOS

6) BIOS Software 

7) HD Sector Boot Software 

8) Device Driver Software i.e Graphics Driver etc 

9) Linker Software 

10) Assembler and Compiler Software

6. Communication

Communication – defined as the electronic transfer of data from one place to another.

        i.            sender

      ii.            receiver

    iii.            computer

    iv.            transmission medium

      v.            signal converter - modem

             ________________________________________________________________________________
       

       Assalammualaikum w.b.t, my name Muhamad Zekry Bin Hussian and I now persue Bacelor of Education With Technology Living skills. Im first year student and I hope you all enjoy with the information I’ve shared. First of all, I want to share to you all about introduction to telecommunication. In this topic I learned about the history of computer networking, 7 major elements of communication process, element of a computer and communication system. I got new knowledge about this topic, I can also see how a communication process that occurs in presenting such information. Historical existence of telecommunications also I can see when I studied this subject. I also can identify devices with more telecommunication where previously I do not know what it's called, and its usefulness. By using telecommunications devices nowadays we are not only able to communicate but we could use more of it to get a piece of information and any what we want.